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We offer a wide range of stainless steel pipes, categorized as follows:
By Manufacturing Process: Seamless pipes / Welded pipes
By Connection Type: Threaded pipes / Flanged pipes / Grooved pipes
By Application & Function: Exhaust pipes / Perforated pipes / Coated pipes / Customized pipes
| Parameter | Range / Options |
| Grade | 1.4512, SUS 409 steel pipes |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 6 mm – 2,000 mm (1/8” – 80”), customizable |
| Wall Thickness | 0.5 mm – 50 mm (SCH 5 to SCH XXS), customizable |
| Length | 1 m – 12 m standard, cut-to-length/customizable |
| Shape | Round / Square / Rectangular / Oval, customizable |
| Manufacturing | Seamless / Welded (ERW, LSAW, SSAW) |
| Connection Type | Plain end / Beveled end / Threaded / Flanged / Grooved |
| Surface Finish | Pickled / Polished (180–600 grit) / Brushed / Coated |
| Standards | ASTM A312 / A213 / A269 / A554 / EN / JIS / DIN |
409 Stainless Steel Pipe
409 stainless steel pipe is a ferritic stainless steel product that offers good oxidation and corrosion resistance, especially in high-temperature environments. It has lower chromium content than 304 or 316, which makes it more economical, while still providing adequate durability. With good weldability and thermal stability, 409 stainless steel pipe is widely used in automotive exhaust systems, heat exchangers, and other applications where moderate corrosion resistance and excellent heat resistance are required.
409 Stainless Steel Pipe – Chemical Composition (%)
| Element | C | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | P | S | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical Value | ≤0.08 | 0.5–1.0 | 0.5–1.0 | 10.5–11.75 | 0.5–0.75 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | Balance |
409 Stainless Steel Pipe – Mechanical Properties
| Property | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HRB) | Density (g/cm³) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | Melting Point (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical Value | 450–550 | ≥205 | ≥22 | ≤95 | 7.70 | 25 | 1425–1510 |
Hot Processing
Seamless Pipes: Hot piercing + multiple mandrel mill or rotary piercing steps.
Welded Pipes: Plate is rolled into a cylinder, welded, and then sized/straightened.
Features:
Seamless pipes are axially stretched from the billet, with strict control of wall thickness and diameter.
Heat processing of pipes requires extra attention to roundness and uniform wall thickness.
Welded pipes need careful control of weld seam position and stress in the heat-affected zone.
Stress Characteristics:
The circular cross-section generates hoop and axial stresses during heating and cooling, which must be relieved by annealing.
Annealing: After hot rolling or welding, 409 stainless steel pipes are annealed at approximately 800–900°C to relieve internal stresses, improve ductility, and enhance corrosion resistance. The pipe is then cooled under controlled conditions to stabilize dimensions and shape.
Stress Relief Annealing: For formed or welded pipes, a short low-temperature anneal below 400–450°C is often applied to remove residual stresses caused by welding or bending.
Notes:
Annealing is essential for 409 ferritic stainless steel due to its lower ductility and corrosion resistance.
Processes such as solution treatment, precipitation hardening, or high-temperature tempering are not applicable to 409 stainless steel pipes.
Features of 409 Stainless Steel Pipe
Ferritic Structure: 409 stainless steel has a ferritic crystal structure, providing moderate strength and good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures.
Corrosion Resistance: Suitable for mildly corrosive environments, such as automotive exhaust systems; less resistant than austenitic grades like 304 or 316.
Heat and Oxidation Resistance: Maintains shape and strength at elevated temperatures, making it ideal for exhaust and high-temperature applications.
Formability: Good for rolling, bending, and welding, though ductility is lower than austenitic stainless steels.
Cost-Effective: Provides a balance of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance at a lower cost compared with higher-grade stainless steels.
We supply a full range of 304 stainless steel pipes and tubes with reliable quality and flexible customization. Available in a wide range of sizes, thicknesses, finishes, and processing options to meet both industrial and architectural needs.
Our 304 stainless steel tubes come in various specifications to suit structural, mechanical, sanitary, and general fabrication requirements.
Available in wall thicknesses from 0.5 mm to 30 mm, and in common outer diameters such as 1/2″, 3/4″, 1″, or custom cut-to-size upon request.
By Manufacturing Process: Cold Drawn 304 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, Hot Rolled 304 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, ERW 304 Stainless Steel Pipe, Welded 304 Stainless Steel Tube
By Surface Treatment Type: 304 Pickled Stainless Steel Pipe, 304 Bright Annealed Stainless Steel Tube (BA), 304 Polished Stainless Steel Pipe, 304 Mirror Stainless Steel Tube, 304 Brushed Stainless Steel Tube
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Grade | 304 Stainless Steel (AISI / ASTM / EN / Equivalent Available) |
| Outer Diameter | 6 mm – 630 mm (custom sizes available) |
| Wall Thickness | 0.5 mm – 30 mm (custom cut-to-size available) |
| Length | Standard lengths 6 m, 12 m or custom |
| Standard | ASTM A312, ASTM A554, EN 10217, JIS, GB, etc. |
| Surface Finish | Pickled, BA, Polished, Mirror, Brushed |
| Processing Services | Cutting, bending, end finishing, welding, threading |
| Packaging | Export-grade waterproof wrapping + wooden pallet |
| MOQ | Flexible – supports small orders and bulk supply |
Chemical Composition of 304 Stainless Steel (wt%)
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0 – 20.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0 – 10.5 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 515 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.2%) | ≥ 205 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 40% |
| Hardness | ≤ 92 HRB |
| Density | ~7.93 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~1400 – 1450 °C |
Heat Treatment of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Heat treatment is mainly used to:
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Solution Annealing: Heat to 1010 – 1120 °C, then rapidly cool (water quenching)
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Stress Relief Annealing: Used to relieve work-hardening or welding stress
Features of 304 Stainless Steel Pipes / Tubes
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Excellent Corrosion Resistance — Performs well in most environments, including outdoors and mildly corrosive atmospheres.
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Superb Weldability — Compatible with TIG, MIG, arc welding, and other common methods.
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Good Formability & Fabrication — Easy to form, bend, and machine.
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Sanitary & Food-Grade Acceptability — Widely used where hygiene is required.
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Wide Range of Surface Finishes — Available in pickled, BA, polished, mirror, and brushed finishes.
Typical Applications
304 stainless steel pipe and tube are widely used in:
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Food processing and sanitary piping systems
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Chemical and petrochemical equipment
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Pharmaceutical manufacturing systems
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Architectural structural tubing and handrails
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Heat exchangers and machinery frames
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Automotive and transportation components
304 Stainless Steel Pipe & Tube – FAQs
Q1: What is 304 stainless steel pipe?
304 stainless steel pipe is a corrosion-resistant tubular product commonly used for fluid conveyance, structural, and sanitary applications.
Q2: Is 304 stainless steel pipe food grade?
Yes, 304 stainless steel pipe is widely used in food and beverage processing due to its corrosion resistance and cleanability.
Q3: What is the difference between seamless and welded 304 stainless steel pipe?
Seamless tubes have no welded seam, offering higher pressure resistance; welded pipes are more cost-effective for less critical applications.
Q4: Can 304 stainless steel tube be welded?
Yes, 304 stainless steel tube has excellent weldability with common methods like TIG and MIG.
Q5: What sizes are available for 304 stainless steel pipe?
Available in diameters from 6 mm to 630 mm and thicknesses 0.5 mm – 30 mm, with custom sizes available upon request.
Q6: What surface finishes are offered for 304 stainless steel tubes?
Finishes include pickled, BA, polished, mirror, and brushed to meet industrial and decorative needs.
We supply 316 stainless steel pipes and tubes with stable quality and consistent performance. With enhanced corrosion resistance from molybdenum content, 316 stainless steel pipe is suitable for chemical, marine, food processing, and industrial piping systems.
316 stainless steel tubes are available in various sizes, wall thicknesses, and surface finishes to meet demanding industrial and structural requirements.
Available in wall thicknesses from 0.5 mm to 30 mm, with standard lengths or custom cut-to-size options.
By Manufacturing Process: Cold Drawn 316 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, Hot Rolled 316 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, ERW 316 Stainless Steel Pipe, Welded 316 Stainless Steel Tube
By Surface Treatment Type: 316 Pickled Stainless Steel Pipe, 316 Bright Annealed Stainless Steel Tube (BA), 316 Polished Stainless Steel Pipe, 316 Mirror Stainless Steel Tube, 316 Brushed Stainless Steel Tube
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Grade | 316 Stainless Steel (AISI / ASTM / EN Equivalent) |
| Outer Diameter | 6 mm – 630 mm |
| Wall Thickness | 0.5 mm – 30 mm |
| Length | 6 m, 12 m, or custom |
| Type | Seamless / Welded |
| Shape | Round, Square, Rectangular |
| Standard | ASTM A312, ASTM A213, ASTM A554, EN, JIS, GB |
| Surface Finish | Pickled, BA, Polished, Mirror, Brushed |
| Processing Services | Cutting, bending, end finishing |
| Packaging | Export-grade waterproof packing + wooden pallet |
| MOQ | Flexible |
Chemical Composition of 316 Stainless Steel (wt%)
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0 – 18.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.0 – 14.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.0 – 3.0 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
Mechanical Properties of 316 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
| Property | Typical Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 515 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.2%) | ≥ 205 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 40% |
| Hardness | ≤ 95 HRB |
| Density | ~8.0 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | ~1370 – 1400 °C |
Heat Treatment of 316 Stainless Steel
316 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Heat treatment is mainly applied to improve corrosion resistance and restore ductility.
Solution Annealing: 1010 – 1120 °C, followed by rapid cooling
Stress Relief: Applied after cold forming or welding when required
Key Characteristics of 316 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Excellent Corrosion Resistance
Molybdenum improves resistance to chlorides, acids, and marine environments.
Good Weldability
Suitable for TIG, MIG, and arc welding without major loss of corrosion resistance.
Stable Mechanical Properties
Maintains strength and toughness across a wide temperature range.
Good Formability
Easy to bend, cut, and fabricate for piping and structural systems.
Preferred for Harsh Environments
Widely used where 304 stainless steel is insufficient.
Typical Applications
316 stainless steel pipes and tubes are commonly used in:
Chemical and petrochemical processing systems
Marine and offshore piping
Food and beverage processing equipment
Pharmaceutical and sanitary pipelines
Heat exchangers and pressure vessels
Coastal and high-humidity architectural structures
FAQ – 316 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Q1: What is 316 stainless steel pipe used for?
316 stainless steel pipe is used in corrosive environments such as chemical plants, marine systems, and food processing facilities.
Q2: What is the difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel pipe?
316 contains molybdenum, providing better resistance to chlorides and chemical corrosion than 304.
Q3: Is 316 stainless steel pipe suitable for marine use?
Yes, 316 stainless steel pipe is commonly used in marine and coastal environments.
Q4: Can 316 stainless steel tube be welded?
Yes, 316 stainless steel tube has good weldability using common welding methods.
Q5: Do you offer seamless and welded 316 stainless steel pipes?
Yes, both seamless and welded 316 stainless steel pipes are available.
Q6: Are custom sizes available for 316 stainless steel pipe?
Yes, custom diameters, wall thicknesses, and lengths are available upon request.
We specialize in the supply of a full range of 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube and support customized , accurately matching your application needs based on core properties.
Material Grade: AISI 430 / EN 1.4016
430 stainless steel belongs to the ferritic stainless steel family. It is magnetic in all conditions and does not harden by heat treatment. Its chromium content provides basic corrosion resistance and good oxidation resistance, especially in dry or indoor environments.
By Production Method:
Welded 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Seamless 430 Stainless Steel Tube (limited availability, mainly small sizes)
By Forming Process:
Cold Rolled 430 Stainless Steel Tube
Hot Rolled 430 Stainless Steel Pipe
Cold rolled tubes offer better surface finish and dimensional accuracy, while hot rolled pipes are more suitable for structural and general-purpose applications.
Specifications
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Product Type | 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube |
| Manufacturing Process | Welded (ERW), limited seamless available |
| Form | Round, square, rectangular (custom shapes on request) |
| Outer Diameter / Size | Customizable according to standards or drawings |
| Wall Thickness | Thin wall to standard industrial thickness |
| Length | Fixed length or random length |
| Surface Finish | 2B, BA, No.4 (Brushed), Polished, Pickled |
| End Type | Plain end, beveled end, or customized |
| Dimensional Tolerance | ASTM / EN / JIS or customer requirement |
| Supply Condition | Annealed, pickled, or polished |
| Processing Service | Cutting, bending, polishing, end forming |
430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
430 stainless steel pipe and tube are ferritic stainless steel products containing approximately 16–18% chromium and no nickel. Compared with austenitic grades such as 304 and 316, 430 stainless steel offers good corrosion resistance in mild environments, stable mechanical properties, and excellent formability at a more economical cost.
430 stainless steel pipes are widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is required but exposure conditions are not highly aggressive, making them a cost-effective alternative for decorative, structural, and light industrial purposes.
Chemical Composition (Typical)
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0 – 18.0 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.12 |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 1.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤ 0.75 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.030 |
Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 450 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 205 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 22% |
| Hardness | ≤ 183 HB |
Heat Treatment of 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
1. Annealing
Temperature range: 760–815°C
Process: Heating followed by air cooling
Purpose: Relieves cold working and welding stresses, improves ductility and dimensional stability
2. Stress Relieving
Applied after cold forming or welding
Helps reduce residual stress and minimize deformation during service
3. Hardening
430 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment
Mechanical properties are mainly determined by chemical composition and forming process
4. Performance Stability
Proper annealing stabilizes the ferritic microstructure and improves consistency in welded areas.
Ensures reliable performance in decorative, structural, and general industrial applications.
*Note:430 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Heat treatment is used for structure stabilization and formability, not strength enhancement.
Features of 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Corrosion Resistance:
Good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and mild chemical environments, suitable for indoor and low-corrosive applications.
Mechanical Properties:
Moderate strength with good formability, suitable for bending, forming, and general structural use.
Weldability:
Weldable by standard methods; post-weld heat treatment may be applied to improve weld zone stability.
Magnetic Property:
Magnetic in all conditions due to its ferritic structure, distinguishing it from austenitic stainless steels.
Cost Efficiency:
Low nickel content provides a cost-effective alternative to 304 stainless steel for non-critical corrosion environments.
Applications of 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Decorative and Architectural Use:
handrails, railings, furniture frames, indoor structures; recommended: thin to medium wall tubes.
Household Appliances:
appliance frames, exhaust components, structural supports; recommended: small to medium diameter tubes.
Automotive Components:
exhaust trims, brackets, structural parts; recommended: precision-formed tubes.
General Industrial Use:
support structures, enclosures, equipment frames; recommended: standard wall thickness pipes.
Indoor Piping Systems:
non-pressure and low-corrosion fluid transport; recommended: welded tubes with annealed condition.
They are especially suitable for indoor or low-corrosion environments where appearance and cost control are important.
FAQ – 430 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Q1: Does 430 stainless steel pipe require heat treatment?
Yes. Heat treatment such as annealing is commonly used to relieve stress after cold forming or welding, although it does not increase mechanical strength.
Q2: Is heat treatment a critical step for 430 stainless steel pipe?
It depends on the application. For welded or heavily cold-worked pipes, heat treatment is important to ensure dimensional stability and consistent performance.
Q3: Can 430 stainless steel pipe be hardened by heat treatment?
No. 430 is a ferritic stainless steel and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Strength is mainly determined by chemical composition and forming process.
Q4: How does heat treatment affect corrosion resistance of 430 stainless steel pipe?
Proper annealing helps stabilize the microstructure and can improve corrosion resistance, especially in welded areas.
Q5: Is post-weld heat treatment always necessary for 430 stainless steel tubes?
Not always. For general decorative or low-stress applications, it may not be required. For industrial or precision uses, post-weld heat treatment is recommended.
We supply a full range of 201 stainless steel pipes and tubes with reliable quality and flexible customization for industrial and architectural applications. Our products are available in various sizes, wall thicknesses, surface finishes, and processing options to meet structural, mechanical, decorative, and general fabrication requirements.
Available wall thickness ranges from 0.5 mm to 20 mm, with common outer diameters such as 1/2″, 3/4″, 1″, or custom cut-to-size upon request.
By Manufacturing Process:
Cold Drawn 201 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, Hot Rolled 201 Stainless Steel Seamless Pipe, ERW 201 Stainless Steel Pipe, Welded 201 Stainless Steel Tube
By Surface Treatment Type:
201 Pickled Stainless Steel Pipe, 201 Bright Annealed Stainless Steel Tube (BA), 201 Polished Stainless Steel Pipe, 201 Mirror Stainless Steel Tube, 201 Brushed Stainless Steel Tube
Specifications
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Material Grade | 201 Stainless Steel |
| UNS No. | S20100 |
| EN Grade | 1.4372 |
| Standards | ASTM A554, ASTM A312, ASTM A269, EN 10217, JIS G3446 |
| Pipe Type | Seamless Pipe / Welded Pipe |
| Manufacturing Process | Cold Drawn, Hot Rolled, ERW, Welded |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 6 mm – 219 mm (1/4″ – 8″) |
| Wall Thickness | 0.5 mm – 20 mm |
| Length | 6 m, 12 m, or Custom Length |
| Surface Finish | Pickled, Bright Annealed (BA), Polished, Mirror, Brushed |
| End Type | Plain End, Beveled End |
| Form | Round Pipe (Other shapes available upon request) |
| Condition | Annealed / Cold Worked |
| Application | Structural, Decorative, Mechanical, General Fabrication |
| Custom Service | Cutting, Polishing, Bending, Welding |
201 Stainless Steel Pipe
201 stainless steel is an austenitic chromium-manganese stainless steel grade. Its typical chemical composition includes 16.0–18.0% chromium (Cr), 3.5–7.5% manganese (Mn), ≤ 4.5% nickel (Ni), and ≤ 0.15% carbon (C). By partially replacing nickel with manganese, 201 stainless steel provides a cost-effective alternative to 304 stainless steel while maintaining good strength and formability.
Compared with higher-nickel austenitic grades, 201 stainless steel pipe offers higher yield strength, good cold-working performance, and acceptable corrosion resistance in indoor, dry, or mildly corrosive environments. It is widely used in applications where appearance, strength, and cost efficiency are prioritized over high corrosion resistance.
Chemical Composition (Typical, %)
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.00 | 3.5–7.5 | ≤0.060 | ≤0.030 | 16.0–18.0 | ≤4.5 |
Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ≥ 520 MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 275 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 40% |
| Hardness | ≤ 217 HB |
Heat Treatment of 201 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
1. Annealing
Temperature range: 1010–1065 °C
Process: Heating followed by rapid cooling (water quenching or air cooling, depending on thickness)
Purpose:
Relieves stresses caused by cold forming and welding, restores austenitic structure, and improves ductility and corrosion resistance.
2. Stress Relieving
Applied after cold working or welding, especially for precision pipes.
Helps reduce residual stress and improves dimensional stability during fabrication and service.
3. Hardening
201 stainless steel cannot be hardened by conventional heat treatment.
Mechanical properties are mainly determined by chemical composition and cold working, not by heat treatment.
4. Performance Stability
Proper solution annealing stabilizes the austenitic microstructure, improves formability, and enhances performance consistency, especially in welded areas.
Ensures reliable performance in decorative, structural, and general fabrication applications.
Note: 201 stainless steel is an austenitic grade and cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. Heat treatment is used for stress relief, structure restoration, and formability improvement rather than strength enhancement.
Features of 201 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Corrosion Resistance:
Moderate resistance to atmospheric corrosion and mild environments. Suitable for indoor and low-corrosion applications, but not recommended for marine or highly corrosive conditions.
Mechanical Properties:
Higher yield strength than 304 stainless steel in cold-worked condition, with good ductility and forming performance.
Weldability:
Good weldability using standard stainless steel welding methods. Post-weld annealing may be applied to improve weld zone stability when required.
Magnetic Property:
Generally non-magnetic in annealed condition, but slight magnetism may appear after cold working.
Cost Efficiency:
Lower nickel content provides a cost-effective alternative to 304 stainless steel for applications where high corrosion resistance is not critical.
Applications of 201 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Decorative and Architectural Use:
Handrails, railings, furniture frames, indoor decorative structures;
Recommended: thin to medium wall tubes.
Furniture and Fixtures:
Metal furniture frames, display racks, shop fittings;
Recommended: polished or brushed surface tubes.
Structural and Fabrication Use:
Indoor support structures, light-duty frames, welded assemblies;
Recommended: standard wall thickness pipes.
Household and Commercial Equipment:
Appliance frames, enclosures, support components;
Recommended: small to medium diameter tubes.
Indoor Piping Systems:
Non-pressure or low-corrosion fluid and air conveyance;
Recommended: welded pipes in annealed condition.
201 stainless steel pipes are especially suitable for indoor or low-corrosion environments where appearance, strength, and cost control are key considerations.
FAQ – 201 Stainless Steel Pipe / Tube
Q1: Does 201 stainless steel pipe require heat treatment?
Heat treatment is not always required. Annealing is commonly used after cold forming or welding to relieve stress and restore ductility.
Q2: Can 201 stainless steel pipe be hardened by heat treatment?
No. 201 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Strength is mainly influenced by cold working.
Q3: Is 201 stainless steel pipe suitable for outdoor use?
It can be used in mild outdoor environments, but it is not recommended for coastal or highly corrosive conditions.
Q4: Does 201 stainless steel pipe become magnetic?
In annealed condition, it is generally non-magnetic. Cold working may introduce slight magnetism.
Q5: When is post-weld heat treatment recommended for 201 stainless steel pipes?
Post-weld annealing is recommended for precision, heavily welded, or high-formability applications, but may not be necessary for general decorative or structural use.